Short Story and True Selves Essay Example

Short Story and True Selves Essay Authors use certain characters to attract and persuade certain audiences. The two short stories, The Prospector’s Trail by Cathy Jewison and Bluffing by Gail Helgason are easily comparable by the use of characterization. Both stories consist of two main characters, as couples, as it is affected by another individual. Also, throughout the stories, both couples face challenges in which reveal their true selves. Lastly, the author used one dynamic character while the other remained a static character. The Prospector’s Trail and Bluffing consisted of two main characters as it was affected by another individual. Norman and Jennifer from, The Prospector’s Trail, were happily married, until both their relationship and their financial funds started going downhill. Norman came to Yellowknife with his ambitious wife to make something of himself and Roy helped him do so. Jennifer doesn’t think much of Ray, and wasn’t fond of him or the way he dressed. â€Å"Unless I catch you wearing a red plaid flannel shirt, in which case I’ll leave you on the spot. † From this passage, it is clear that Jennifer was stereotyping Roy from not wanting Norman to become like him for the reason that he was wearing a red plaid flannel shirt during that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and True Selves specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and True Selves specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and True Selves specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That being said, while prospecting with Roy, Norman found a barely ripped red plaid shirt and  he instantly wore it, knowing that it would tick Jennifer off. As a result, Jennifer left Norman without even saying a word. In Bluffing, Gabriella and Liam went on a hike as they came across a bear in which showed how much they truly were uncommitted to one another. Liam ran off when he should’ve done something on the spot to keep Gabriella same from getting hurt from the bear. This occurrence completely changed the way Gabriella felt about Liam. Thus, these were how the two main characters were affected by another individual. Throughout the stories, both couples faced challenges in which revealed their true selves. In Prospector’s Trail, before going into Yellowknife, Norman lost his job and confidence from the formality and high expectations of his boss. He became clumsy where his reputation spread and could no longer work. In the following passage: Jennifer halfheartedly agreed to let Norman pursue his dream of opening and interpretive centre, on the condition that he did t far away from anyone they knew. We realize that Jennifer was ashamed and blinded by her pride, which ended up with her treating Norman wrongly. In Bluffing, when Liam ran away from both Gabriella and the bear, it shows that Liam was a coward and he didnt necessarily care about her. Furthermore, by the end of the story, Gabriella seems to also not care so much anymore. This is proven by the following passage: When the last bandage is removed, she pulls her chair closer to the bed and stretches her lips into a smile. She knows in her bones that she can manage this way, for the rest of the afternoon, at least. She still has that much bluffing in her. From this, it was clear that she was lying when she held his hand as the bandage was being taken off. It was obvious that she’d plan on leaving him due to the fact of him leaving her with the bear. Hence, these were how both couples faced challenges in which reveal their true selves. Lastly, the authors in both, The Prospector’s Trail and Bluffing used a dynamic character while the other remained a static character. Jennifer was portrayed as a selfish, inconsiderate, nagging wife who simply nagged about making Norman the best he could possibly be while Liam was portrayed as an unpredictable and a difficult person to understand. From beginning to end, Jennifer and Liam remained the same making them static characters. While on the other hand, Norman from the Prospectors Trail was portrayed as a young, confused, clumsy nerd but as time passed, he changed into a more open-minded, free man who  just wanted to start a new life in Yellowknife. This is proven by the following passage: You’re little lady’s not going to like it. She’s more upscale than my Elsie. â€Å"You’re right. She won’t see the potential. But like I said – this is the end of the road for me. † This shows that Norman wanted to be free from the stress Jennifer caused him, even if he were to be left behind. It was just Jennifer’s presence that was dragging him down to get to where he really wanted to be. In Bluffing, Gabriella changed from being committed and wanting to continue living with Liam to just simply leaving him and lying about how she felt about what had happened. Both Norman and Gabriella changed throughout the story, which made them dynamic characters while Jennifer and Liam remained the same, as a result of being static characters. By the use of characterization, the two stories are easily comparable. Both stories consisted of two main characters, as it was affected by another individual Also, throughout the stories, both couples faced challenges in which reveal their true selves. Lastly, the author used one dynamic character while the other remained a static character. Thus, these are the reasons why the characters from The Prospector’s Trail and Bluffing are very much similar.

Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth

Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth Introduction Equal opportunity in the workplace entails the act of treating employees fairly without prejudice and discrimination. The notion of equal opportunities in the workplace is based on the principle that all employees should be given a level playing field in the workplace irrespective of their gender, race or attribute.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth as many organizations have not fully embraced the concept. The art of managing employees in the organization is mainly about managing their diversity. Each employee is usually different with different ethnic background, gender, age and race. Whether the employee is disabled or not, he or she has different skills, values, attitudes and expectations and therefore equal opportunity in the workplace is aimed at maximizing the potentials of ind ividuals (McKenzie Baker, 2006, 14). Why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth The following explains why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth rather than a reality in many organizations today; In many organizations, employment equity is lacking i.e. many organizations have not fully embraced the practice of hiring minorities or women. Many organizations worldwide do not hire, promote, support or value female employees equally to men. Instead, these organizations do not take into account an important resource in a business environment that is competitive. Many companies have chosen to disregard women or the minority and only a few companies have extended their recruitment pool to embrace women in the workplace. The lack of employment equity among organizations implies that these companies lacks a competitive edge due to the fact that they fail to select the most experienced, talented and creative employees as a result of their gender. Diversity in organizations is as sociated with a cost reduction, increase in productivity, an increase in the market share and improved management quality.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The few companies that have realized the importance of diversity in the workplace has initiated new equity plans. Employment equity is however least in many developing countries as only a few proportions of women hold managerial positions. In addition, only a few women in these countries have access to learning opportunities to train them for the managerial jobs. In industrialized nations, women aspiring to hold managerial positions face barriers with regards to full participation such as lack of access to resources particularly to jobs that offer wages and promotional opportunities similar to men. In most instances, women face barriers in participating in management as a result of such factors as race and ethnic ity and the employing industry (Kainer, 2006, 25). Equal opportunity is a myth due to the fact that many organizations across the globe have hired unqualified workers and thus locking out qualified employees. Many organizations have resulted into hiring workers who are not qualified for the sake of reaching some numerical objectives. Equal opportunity is not all about placing a person in a job due to the association that he or she has but it is all about encouraging recruitment and retention of persons who have qualified. Most organizations have adopted affirmative action programs in an effort to ensure that there is equal opportunity in the workplace. Whereas affirmative action has the effect of ensuring that there is equal representation, it has some limitations such as hiring unqualified individuals. Organizations thus ends up hiring individuals who are unqualified as a result of the protected class status and this is illegal since qualified people ends up being not considered fo r the same positions. Therefore, equal opportunity is a myth and not a reality since affirmative action often leads to preferential treatment in employment as it does not consider ability and competence characteristics of a worker. Although affirmative action increases the number of women in sectors where they are underrepresented, the individuals who are hired under the affirmative action programs are usually perceived by others as less competent (Weston, 2002, 8-10). Equal opportunities in the workplace are a myth as most organizations are faced with the challenge of accommodating employees with disabilities. Most organizations particularly in low developed countries have not structured their workforces so that it is representative. People with disabilities have not benefited by securing employment opportunities in greater numbers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, there are inequalities with regards to the incomes earned by people with disability as opposed to the salaries that is earned by their counterparts who are not disabled. In developed nations, diversity has not occurred in the workplace too and people with disability are usually not treated the same with the rest of the employees. The rate of unemployment among the persons with disabilities has remained relatively high over the years. The truth of the matter is that organizations fears that their insurance costs will rise if they hire persons with disabilities. Other organizations refrains from accepting working with disabled persons as they consider them to be unsafe workers who are accident prone. Other employers consider these persons to be unproductive as they have high rates of absenteeism.Persons with disabilities are usually not given equal employment opportunities in such jobs as medicine, nursing, dentistry and allied health professions, eng ineering, law, teaching among others. Therefore, the equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth and not a reality as people with disabilities are not accommodated in many organizations across the globe (Anderson, 2010, 5). Also, the equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth due to the biographic influences, family experiences, personal characteristics and the number of hours worked that causes people to experience an imbalance between home and work life. The biographical influences that affect the work-life balance include gender and family characteristics. Usually, women experiences work-life conflicts than men. The personal characteristics that have an effect on work-life balances include life and job involvement. The number of hours worked also contributes to the imbalance between home and work life. Imbalance that exists between home and work usually occurs in three main areas i.e. life and job satisfaction, physical and psychological health and desire to leave and organiza tional commitment. A clear balance between home and work requires to be maintained. Many organizations lacks a clear cut between home and work and this leads to job dissatisfaction among the employees. This also causes physical and psychological health problems. Many organizations fail to assist their employees to manage the balance between work and home. Most employers do not recognize the impact of maintaining a balance between work and home life on their employees. In many organizations, work-life policies are not developed evenly. Also; organizations are concerned that the compulsory leaves that are required for everyone will be used for leisure activities. The equal opportunity in the workplace is therefore a myth as many employers do not maintain a balance between work and home life on their employees particularly the women workers and thus causing job dissatisfaction (Reddy, 2007, 11).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth due to the fact that there is too much bullying and work-related stress among organizations. Many organizations across the globe have reported cases s in stress and depression amongst their workforce. Usually, employees in their mid thirties in high stress jobs are likely to experience anxiety or depression as compared to those who are in low-stress jobs. Many human resource departments do not put policies aimed at countering the work-related stress. There is lack of consistency as some staff is provided withy better support than others. Employees who are supported usually have a feeing that their issues are addressed by their managers and so, they have lower rates of developing work-related stress. Most organizations do not take demonstrate a just and fair approach when supporting their workforce and hence equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth. With regards to bullying, many people are bullied everyday and this has contri buted to stress-related sicknesses amongst the employees in most organizations. Many employees results to committing suicides as a result of being bullied by others in the workplace. Bullying results to an abuse of position and power and so, it signifies that there is a problem within the organization (Lutgen-Sandvik, Sypher, 2009, 1-3). Many human resource managers fail to intervene early and hence a person tenders his or her resignation or he or she goes off sick (Laura Reese, 2004). Bullying in the workplace occurs in various forms among them blocking developments and job opportunities, being excluded from meetings, malicious actions and rumors, victimizing and undermining employees, setting unrealistic expectations, setting workloads that are unrealistic, setting unachievable timescales among others. As a result of being bullied, a large number of employees suffer from stress and depression and are thus unable to continue serving in the organization. Their mental and physical health as well as their financial circumstances is also affected and hence the notion that equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth (Leka, Griffiths, Cox, 2003, 8). The other aspect that shows that equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth is through discipline and grievance. In many firms, the procedures for handling disciplines and grievances seldom go hand-in-hand. In most cases, the procedures of airing grievances address quite different aspects and thus, the employee’s performance in relation to his or her role is affected. For instance, an employee’s efficiency may be impaired following a long-standing sickness which is exclusively out of his or her control. In many organizations, the overall objective of discipline and grievance is punitive rather than encouraging appropriate behavioral changes so that the employees can improve in their workplaces. Therefore, disciplinary procedures do not help in promoting fairness regarding the way the employees are tr eated in the workplace and hence the notion that equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth (Lowenstein, 2001, 7). Also, employees are usually not informed of the complaints against them and so, they are deprived of the opportunity to narrate their cases before certain decisions can be concluded. Most employees are usually dismissed for their first disciplinary offences even if their case does not result to gross misconduct. They are also not provided with an opportunity of appealing and so; equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth. Grievance procedures forms important components of human resource processes as they ensure that the employees are given an opportunity of bringing to notice cases where they feel that they have not been treated in a fair manner. Very often, organizations do not consider the grievances that are raised by the employees. With regards to grievance procedures, there are various issues that do not amount to equal opportunities in the wo rkplace such as; many employees lack confidence as far as the grievance system is concerned. The employees do not believe that their issues will be taken into consideration once they raise them before the management. Most people lack confidence as they hold the view that they will get punished as a result of raising their issues and hence the notion those equal opportunities in the workplace are a myth. In many organizations, employees with disabilities do not have an equal access to the grievance procedures as they are not supported. This is so especially where the grievances require being in writing. The situation is even worse as they find it hard to express them in a case where English is not the first language of employees with disability. Therefore, equal opportunity in the workplace is just but a myth (Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, 2008, 6-7). The other reason as to why equal opportunity in the workplace is a myth is the failure by many organizations to embrace the cultu re of performance management. Organizations that fail to embrace the culture of performance management in their workplace do not provided their workforce with an opportunity to work at optimum level. Also many organizations do not set objectives at employee’s level and thus the employee is not rewarded as a result of his or her achievements in the organization (Martinez, 2000, 3-5). Conclusion However, there are few organizations that have ensured that there is equal opportunity in the workplace is a reality and not a myth. For instance, the past few years has seen female workers entering the labor market in larger proportions. Employees with disabilities have also been accorded a level playing field with those who are not disabled. Despite these, most organizations have not fully embraced the culture of equal opportunity in the workplace and therefore, the concept has remained a myth (Nielsen, 2006, 5). Reference List Anderson, T., 2010. Ability Matters: Gaining the Competit ive Edge by Achieving  Diversity in the Workplace. A guide to employing qualified people with disabilities. California: The Arc of California. Kainer, J., 2006.Gendering Union Renewal: Women’s Contributions to Labor  Movement Revitalization. California: Gender and Work Database. Laura, G Reese, A., 2004. Equity in the workplace: gendering workplace policy analysis. California: Lexington Books. Leka, S, Griffiths, A Cox, T., 2003. Work Organizations Stress: Systeatic  Problem Approaches for Employers, Managers and Trade Union Representatives. Issue No.3. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. Lowenstein, D., 2001.Violence in the workplace: American Psychological  Association.  Web. Lutgen-Sandvik, I Sypher, B., 2009. Destructive Organizational  Communication. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. Martinez, J., 2000. Assessing Quality, Outcome and Performance  Management. London: The Institute for Health Sector Development. McKenzie, S Baker, B., 2006. Worldwi de Guide to Termination, Employment  Discrimination, and Workplace Harassment Laws. Available at https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/lawfirms/14/ Nielsen, J., 2006.The leaderless organization. Axminster: Triachy Press. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority., 2008.Discrimination and Diversity  Policy.Vol.1.Issue No.15.EDRMS. Reddy, K., 2007.The Opt-Out Revolution by Women in Management: Myth or? Pretoria: Graduate School of Business Leadership University of South Africa. Weston, P., 2002.Workplace Sabotage. Workplace Bullying: Causes,  Consequences and Corrections. New York: Rouledge, Issue No.2 Vol.5.STP

A Study Of Pepsi Controversial Video

A Study Of Pepsi Controversial Video Pepsi’s Biggest Mistake If only ending an issue such as police brutality could be resolved over a smile and a soda, then the world would be a much more peaceful place. Unfortunately, this just isn’t the case. On April 5th, 2017 Pepsi released a new commercial in the U.S. that was quickly pulled just one day after being aired because of the backlash it received from the public. The video ad stars model and sister to the Kardashians, Kendall Jenner, who also received plenty of hate for appearing in the commercial. It is set in the streets of a city in which Jenner is modeling in a photo shoot when she sees a flood of protesters marching down the street. She decides to join the march after a nod from a young participant. The video ends with Jenner handing a can of Pepsi to one of the police men lined up facing the protesters. This gesture seems to bring a sense of peace between the protesters and the officers. The insensitive, unrealistic advertisement released by Pepsi was shining light on very serious topics such as police brutality, protest and other events that are currently affecting our world today. There are so many components to this two minute, thirty second commercial that it’s hard to know where to begin, so I will start from the beginning. The first scene is of a can of Pepsi being audibly opened in slow motion. The frame then shows a young, asian male playing his cello aggressively on the rooftop of a building in a city. Background music begins to play and the camera cuts to a very large, diverse group of people happily walking down the street. These people are marchers carrying signs saying â€Å"Love†, â€Å"Join the Conversation† and other things in various languages. The company used the song, Lions, by Skip Marley to set the tone. The artist sings We are the movement, this generation/You better know who we are, who we are† a great anthemic message. The song is all about bringing a nation of young people together to create powerful change. Right from the start, it is clear that Pepsi is trying to appeal to the millennial generation, but they do it the wrong way. They are using young protesters to relate their ad to what is currently going on in the world. The problem is that their idea of a protest is not realistic. In the commercial the protest looks like a social gathering; everyone is smiling, dancing and having fun when in reality, protesters are angry. Real world protesters are there to protect something they believe in. They are protesting out of necessity, not because it’s a fun thing to do on the weekends. Pepsi is trying to glamorize something that should be taken seriously for what it is. Throughout the next couple of scenes, we are introduced to a young, female, Muslim photographer who is frustrated by her work. She also has a Pepsi on her desk which helps to remind the viewer what the commercial is actually for. Pepsi is using this woman to show diversity which is a main component of this ad. Then we see Kendall Jenner who is in the middle of a photoshoot that is taking place near the streets of the march. Jenner, as opposed to the muslim woman and the asian cellist, is featured in this commercial to appeal to the people who want to live a life similar to Jenners. She is young, successful, rich, skinny, white, and famous. The march continues, and it is now clear that people of any gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation are uniting to protest something that is unknown to the viewer. All of the signs are very vague and don’t give any indication as to what is being protested. Pepsi is using a pathos approach to attract us to their product. They used path os continuously to try to appeal to the emotions of the viewer by showing people doing what they are passionate about like music, photography, dance, modeling, etc. People of all different backgrounds are coming together to stand up for something they believe in. By using a variety of people, they are trying to spread a message of equality and inclusion. Unfortunately, this message is contradicted several times over in the ad itself. As the storyline continues, the man playing the cello has now joined the march as well as the female photographer. The cellist sees Jenner in her fake blonde wig, full makeup, and extravagant dress and indicates that she should join him in the march. The song reaches it’s peak as Jenner rips off her wig and smears her lipstick before walking into the flooded streets. A few seconds later, we see Jenner in a new outfit with her natural colored hair. Pepsi is attempting to promote natural beauty and authenticity, but once again the execution falls short. Although Jenner looks more natural, she still has just as much makeup on, her hair is done, and her outfit is designer. Another small moment that contradicts the message Pepsi is trying to promote is when Jenner rips off her wig, she tosses it to her black, female assistant without ever looking in her direction. This is not intentionally racist, but it could have been looked at more carefully and easily avoided. The video ends with Jenner handing a Pepsi to one of the police men lined up facing the protesters. The protesters roar with excitement after a policeman takes a sip. This gesture seems to bring a sense of peace between the protesters and the officers. This moment is the most obviously shocking throughout the whole commercial. The hero of this story is Kendall Jenner, a rich, straight, white, model. It could have just as easily been the male cellist or the female photographer. The policemen at this protest are not armed or in full protective gear which is unrealistic, and a single can of Pepsi unites two groups of people who, historically, have rarely even acted civil with each other. It could easily be argued that this advertisement is exploiting the Black Lives Matter Movement, that it is capitalizing on our country’s current struggle for equality, and that it is devaluing the efforts made by protests and marches, so why was it aired? This commercial has put into question Pepsicos reputation as a company. The fact that no one at Pepsi saw this commercial and thought that it was poorly executed or that it may be taken negatively by the public, shows that Pepsi might have a lack of diversity in their marketing department or corporation as a whole. It is clearly an insensitive ad that could have been made great if only someone had spoken up at Pepsi before it aired. Pepsi wanted to make a statement by airing this commercial. They wanted everyone to be represented and included. They wanted Pepsi to bring people of varied religion, race, sexuality and more together. Unfortunately, the message came across as one of ignorance. Pepsi seemed to have good intentions, but their improper use of diversity and exploitation of current events is where they fell far short. The misrepresentation of protests was insensitive and using a Kardashian family member/supermodel to be the heroine of this impractical scenario made the whole advertisement ridiculus. It was insensitive to make light of a serious topic. It takes more than a supermodel, smile and a pepsi to bring the change of a nation in pain from issues that cut very deep.

National debt with regards to taxes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

National debt with regards to taxes - Essay Example Therefore, whenever the national debt is high, there is a likelihood that the citizenry will be affected, since the available national resources could not be sufficient to cover for all the government payments in form of the interest rates that it must pay periodically to the creditors (Boccia, 2013). The consequence is that; the taxes that are collected from the citizenry must then be increased, so that there is enough money to cover for the payment of the interest in the debts that the government owes different creditors. Therefore, while there could be less awareness in relation to the impacts of the national debts on the citizenry to the public, the truth is that the effect of the national debt must be felt by all. Thus, the effects of National debt include: The National debt affects the tax rates that are charged on the common citizens, as well as the private sector through the licensing and other legal requirements that business are required to have. Whenever the National debt is high, the government has to seek for a way to increase the available revenue so that it can be able to meet the debt obligations in form of interest payments that must be made every single financial period (Faulhaber, 2010). Consequently, when the government is unable to meet the interest obligations from the already collected tax revenues, the government turns to the public for more money through raising the tax rates that the public must pay on various essential products and services. The increased taxation on the other hand becomes a financial burden for the common citizens, considering that they are now getting less value for their money. When the rate of taxation has increased, the prices of goods and services that the common citizens consume goes high, which in turn means that the value for their money has now significantly reduced (Boccia, 2013). The increased taxation does not only affect the common citizens, but also businesses, considering that their profitability will be reduced, while the costs of operations will keep increasing. The consequence is that, National debt increases the tax burden on both citizens and businesses, making it hard for businesses to grow, while reducing the purchasing power of the public (Agonist Learning Center, 2009). The net effect is that, investments will not perform well in the situation where the national debt is high. Further, National debt affects the interest in the sense that, the national banks continuously keeps track of the national debt as they are continuously served with such information from the central bank. The relationship between the central bank and the other commercial banks is that; the central bank is the key determinant of the interest rates that the commercial banks will charge on loans and mortgages issued to the banks’ customers (Faulhaber, 2010). Therefore, when the national debt increases, there is a need for more money that is used to cover for the increased interest rates that the government must pay to the creditors. Consequently, the central bank raises the interest rates, which are then increased by the commercial banks in similar proportions (Boccia, 2013). Therefore, the increased national debt serves to increase the

Evaluation of Business Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluation of Business Globalisation - Essay Example This approach supported business to expand operations and gain high profit margins. Globalizing process has affected work organization, business, socio-cultural resources, natural environment and economics. There are four different aspects of globalization identified by International Monetary Fund such as trade and transactions, people movement and migration, knowledge dissemination, and investment and capital movements. In this study some examples shall be portrayed to provide a clear understanding about advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Globalization of business refers to shifting of operations from one region to wide array of geographical regions. The impact of globalization in relation to business environment is divided into broad categories like product globalization and market globalization. Product globalization can be stated as service or product sourcing from other countries in order to gain competitive advantage. Price differences across the globe enables a company to gain long term advantage. The cost of production also reduces due to such globalization of business and in turn low prices are charged from customers. Market globalization refers to barrier decline in terms of selling products or services to other countries apart from home country. Companies are able to operate internationally due to emergence of globalization. Business strategies and marketing programs are designed by companies taken into consideration other cultures. Multinational firms should be able to understand the trend of developing na tions, mainly strategies adopted by government to redefine policies and interests. Globalization brings forth risks for companies and firms need to manage it appropriately (Doku and Oppong, 2011). This trend has benefited business operations since market opportunities can be explored of a wider segment, along with achieving competitive advantage in global market place. Technological advancements

Participative Management Essay Example for Free

Participative Management Essay In the corporate world, management style has shifted from scientific management to participatory management. While scientific principles of management underlines communication, leadership and participation , participatory management is anchored on the need for quality management, good relationship with the workers, building teams and integrated organizational structures. Research has shown that the following benefits can be accrued from participatory management. Firstly, it can result to the decline in absenteeism and turnover while enhancing attraction and retention of workers since they have a feeling of ownership in the organization. It also promotes effective and efficient conveyance of information between the management and the employee at all levels in the organization. (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 16). Elsewhere, it makes everyone to feel a stake order in the decision making process. Additionally, it reduces the cases of internal disagreements and wrangles since the workers interact without suspicion and consider each other a brother/sister. Participative management helps to widen the scope of skills of the staff and enhances innovations and designing of efficient ways and procedures for tasks. Finally, it motivates and gives job satisfaction to the workers ((Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 29). On the other hand, participatory management has some demerits that have been evident in organizations which have implemented it. To begin with, most employees do not accept the responsibility of making decision for the organizations and instead they like being told what to do. At the same time, some of the workers are illiterate and not versed with the tasks of the organization hence they require training. Others demand pay if included in decision making. It requires the participation of many people thus making decision making to go slow resulting to inefficiency (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 37). In conclusion therefore, participatory management is of great benefit to both private and public sectors. It is the best for the newly founded organizations towards struggle for their survival through competitive advantages.

The Fairy-tale of If on a winters night a traveler Essay -- If on a w

The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past, fairy-tales have been a major form of writing for the great minds of the imaginative authors of the world. In search of cultural roots, much of Europe focused on its folktale and fairy-tales. However, Early Modern and Contemporary Italy took its tales and changed, manipulated, and combined them, having dissimilar concerns as the other societies of Europe. Influenced by his nation's overall approach to its heritage, Italo Calvino, in his novel If on a winter's night a traveler, is blatantly provided with a fundamental structure, plot, and theme through his use of the fairy-tale. "You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade." (Calvino 3). Calvino's opening sentences, even the first couple pages, exemplify what the reader would be told by a storyteller, as a young child would hear, cuddling within his or her warm, blanket-covered utopia, while mother's contiguous body not only provides comfort and security, but a fairy-tale incipit; the child's ear drums focus in on a lulling frequency incessantly flowing from the mother's fatigued mouth. The didactic beginning of this novel is a mechanism Calvino utilizes to ensure the reader that a fantastic, adventurous story is about to begin. The "Once upon a time" cliche that has dominated the first sentence of fairy-tales in the past is replaced with "So, then, you..." where the actual plot then begins (Calvino 4). The Reader takes the first steps on his quest for a final, complete text. Within those few initial steps, he begins his double quest for his princess, the female reader, ... ...iry-tales are. "Calvino's collection stands with the best folktale collections anywhere." (Guton 91). Many attributes of the novel If on a winter's night a traveler by Italo Calvino bare a striking resemblance to the fairy-tale. The structure, plot, themes, and even characterization of the novel exemplify its similarities to a tale. Regardless of how the book is critically approached, the fact that Calvino, influenced by his national culture, wrote the novel as a fantastic tale will always remain firmly planted in his readers' view. Works Citied Calvino, Italo. If on a winter's night a traveler. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981. Guton, Sharon and Sline, Jean. Contemporary Literary Criticism.Volume 22. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Votteler, Thomas. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 73. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1993. The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler Essay -- If on a w The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past, fairy-tales have been a major form of writing for the great minds of the imaginative authors of the world. In search of cultural roots, much of Europe focused on its folktale and fairy-tales. However, Early Modern and Contemporary Italy took its tales and changed, manipulated, and combined them, having dissimilar concerns as the other societies of Europe. Influenced by his nation's overall approach to its heritage, Italo Calvino, in his novel If on a winter's night a traveler, is blatantly provided with a fundamental structure, plot, and theme through his use of the fairy-tale. "You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade." (Calvino 3). Calvino's opening sentences, even the first couple pages, exemplify what the reader would be told by a storyteller, as a young child would hear, cuddling within his or her warm, blanket-covered utopia, while mother's contiguous body not only provides comfort and security, but a fairy-tale incipit; the child's ear drums focus in on a lulling frequency incessantly flowing from the mother's fatigued mouth. The didactic beginning of this novel is a mechanism Calvino utilizes to ensure the reader that a fantastic, adventurous story is about to begin. The "Once upon a time" cliche that has dominated the first sentence of fairy-tales in the past is replaced with "So, then, you..." where the actual plot then begins (Calvino 4). The Reader takes the first steps on his quest for a final, complete text. Within those few initial steps, he begins his double quest for his princess, the female reader, ... ...iry-tales are. "Calvino's collection stands with the best folktale collections anywhere." (Guton 91). Many attributes of the novel If on a winter's night a traveler by Italo Calvino bare a striking resemblance to the fairy-tale. The structure, plot, themes, and even characterization of the novel exemplify its similarities to a tale. Regardless of how the book is critically approached, the fact that Calvino, influenced by his national culture, wrote the novel as a fantastic tale will always remain firmly planted in his readers' view. Works Citied Calvino, Italo. If on a winter's night a traveler. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981. Guton, Sharon and Sline, Jean. Contemporary Literary Criticism.Volume 22. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Votteler, Thomas. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 73. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1993.